10.3.1 Describe, using equations, the reactions of alkenes with hydrogen and halogens.
Addition Reaction:
Unsaturated hydrocarbon; break double bond; each carbon on either side of the broken double bond gains a hydrogen/halogen (hydrocarbon becomes saturated).
10.3.2 Describe, using equations, the reactions of symmetrical alkenes with hydrogen halides and water.
10.3.3 Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes using bromine water.
Bromine is red liquid; yellow/orange color in solution.
When added to an alkene the product is colorless.
10.3.4 Outline the polymerization of alkenes.
Ethene can undergo addition reations with itself to form a chain of carbon atoms (under certain conditions.)
Addition Reaction:
Unsaturated hydrocarbon; break double bond; each carbon on either side of the broken double bond gains a hydrogen/halogen (hydrocarbon becomes saturated).
10.3.2 Describe, using equations, the reactions of symmetrical alkenes with hydrogen halides and water.
10.3.3 Distinguish between alkanes and alkenes using bromine water.
Bromine is red liquid; yellow/orange color in solution.
When added to an alkene the product is colorless.
10.3.4 Outline the polymerization of alkenes.
Ethene can undergo addition reations with itself to form a chain of carbon atoms (under certain conditions.)
->
Thus,
10.3.5 Outline the economic importance of the reactions of alkenes.
Hydration: ethene is formed during the cracking of oil. Although ethanol can be formed from the fermentation of starch and sugars, much industrial ethanol is formed from the addition of steam to ethene.
Hydrogenation: margarine is made from the addition of hydrogen to unsaturated vegetable oils. Hydrogenation reduces the number of double bonds in the polyunsaturated vegetable oils present in the margarine, which causes it to become solid at room temperature.
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